Spruce

2024 Tus sau: Jasmine Walkman | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 08:31

Spruce / Picea / yog cov genus ntawm coniferous ntoo ntawm Pinaceae tsev neeg, suav nrog kwv yees li 35 hom. Tsob ntoo zoo li tsob ntoo thuv thiab loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw sib luag. Nws loj hlob qeeb kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15, thiab nrawm nrawm thaum hnub nyoog 40 txog 60 xyoo.

Lub taub loj yog ib tsob ntoo ncaj thiab ib leeg me. Nws cov qia mus txog 95 m siab thiab txog li 4 m tuab. Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog du, grey-ntsuab, thiab qee zaum yuav ua grey-xim av thiab tawg. Spruce nyob ib ntus ntev, qee zaum txog 1000 xyoo. Lub keeb kwm ntawm spruce nyob qis qis hauv av. Nws cov ntoo zoo li ntoo thuv, tshwj tsis yog tias tus spruce kis tau nws cov ceg thoob plaws mus rau hauv av, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntoo thuv qis rau cov ceg ntoo qhuav thiab raug txiav los ntawm cua.

Tsuas muaj ib hom nyob hauv Bulgaria, qhov ib yam spruce / Picea abies /, feem ntau nyob rau qaum teb ntu ntawm lub roob, raws li nws yuav tsum muaj av thiab huab cua noo tas li. Nws yog tsob ntoo coniferous, mus txog 50 m siab. Qhov koob yog plaub ceg, 15 - 35 hli ntev, nyob tuab ntawm txhua qhov ncig ntawm cov ceg.

Cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm cov ntoo yog unisexual, monoecious. Lub khob hliav qab yog cov cylindrical, ncav qhov ntev ntawm 15 cm thiab dav ntawm 4 cm, cov noob dos muaj obovate, wedge-shaped nqaim ntawm lub hauv paus. Sib nrug los ntawm peb lub teb chaws, cov tsiaj no tseem muaj thoob plaws hauv Nruab Nrab Central thiab Qaum Teb Tebchaws Europe.

Hom ntawm spruce

Ib hom ntxim nyiam yog cov nyiaj ib spruce / Picea pungens /, uas ncav 50 m hauv qhov siab thiab muaj lub ntsej muag conical nrog cov qauv vaj tsev. Cov tawv ntoo yog xim grey-xim av, thiab ntawm cov ntoo laus dua nws tawg thiab tsaus ntuj. Cov nplooj yog 2-3 cm ntev thiab nyuaj nrog prickly kawg thiab yuav luag square cross-section, kis tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia raws ceg. Lawv them nrog ib cov nyiaj siv quav ciab xim, uas hloov nws qhov saturation hauv cov duab sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej. Muaj cov duab uas muaj xws li cov nplua nuj nyiaj txheej txheej uas cov ntoo pom yuav luag dawb. Lub khob hlaws yog 5 - 10 cm ntev thiab yog cylindrical thiab lub teeb xim av. Cov hom no muaj nyob hauv North America, Lub Pob Zeb Rocky, cov roob hauv Utah, Colorado, ntawm qhov siab tshaj 2000 txog 3200 m.

Lub Serbian spruce / Picea omorica / yog tsob ntoo siab txog 40 m siab nrog lub ntsej muag tuab ntawm lub taub hau taw qhia rau saum. Nws cov ceg luv heev, dai rau hauv qab ntawm ceg. Cov tawv ntoo yog xim av tsaus thiab cov ntoo me yog cov plaub. Cov nplooj yog luv luv 10 - 20 hli, nrog lub convex nruab nrab lub paj thiab tsaus ntsuab saum toj thiab greyish hauv qab, uas muab cov ntaub plaub muaj cov xim daj me ntsis. Lub khob hliav qab yog 3 - 6 cm, ua ntej ripening lawv yuav tsum yog xim liab lossis magenta, thiab cov siav yuav daj. Serbian spruce ib txwm faib rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob Serbia thiab Bosnia.

Conical spruce lossis dwarf spruce / Picea glauca conica / yog tsob ntoo me me ntsuab, ncav 2 m qhov siab. Cov tsiaj no tuaj ntawm tebchaws Canada.

Me spruce me heev tshwm sim hauv kev tsim kho av. Nws cov koob yog 1 - 1.5 cm ntev, qab heev. Nws ua ib qho txig uas zoo heev thiab ntom ntom tuab thiab yog cov ntoo ua tiav lub caij ntuj no. Nws muaj nyiaj, xiav thiab ntsuab daim duab.

Caucasian spruce / Picea orientalis / yog hom tsiaj ntawm spruce los ntawm tsev neeg Pinaceae. Nws cov nplooj ntev txog li 10 hli ntev nrog qhov yuav luag xwmfab lossis ib nyuag rhombic cross seem, nyuaj heev thiab ci ntsuab, nyob rau sab sauv ntawm cov ceg uas nyob ib sab ntawm lawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov twigs ci thiab lub teeb xim av, cov plaub mos mos nrog cov plaub mos mos luv luv. Cov noob qes no xim av nrog qhov ntev ntawm 5 txog 10 cm. Cov noob dos muaj cov sib npaug thiab tag nrho cov ntug sab saud.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm spruce

Cov tawv ntoo ntawm nws txeeb muaj cov tannins, txias, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntoo muaj cov nyom sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov sib xyaw cov organic, nrog rau araboxylouronide, uas suav nrog uronic acid thiab ib qho seem ntawm arabofuranoses. Cov koob txhaj ntawm cov ntoo muaj cov roj tseem ceeb, uas muaj li 12% bornyl acetate, 1-a-pinene, p-pinene thiab lwm tus.

Cov ceg hlav nplooj kuj tseem muaj nuj nqi tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb, thiab lub khob hliav qab muaj cov roj ntsha acetyl thiab lwm yam esters. Cov noob muaj txog 33% sai ua rau cov roj siv roj sai, uas muaj kwv yees li 5,2% linolenic acid, li 15.7% ino-linolenic acid, kwv yees li 29.5% ino-linolenic acid, kwv yees 23.6% p-linolenic acid thiab li 11.4% butyric acid. Lawv tseem muaj li 22% cov protein ua crude, kwv yees li 12% tsis muaj nitrogen thiab lwm yam ntxiv.

Loj hlob spruce

Tus neeg dog dig spruce xav tau qhov av noo tas li thiab nplua nuj, muaj pes tsawg av noo noo. Nws tiv taus lub caij ntuj no frosts, tiv taus limestone zoo hauv cov av. Muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj tsis tshua muaj xim - luv, quaj, spherical thiab conical. Nws tuaj yeem cog hauv qhov chaw me ntoo ua Christmas ntoo.

Spruce yog propagated los ntawm noob. Hauv nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis, cov noob tau tsau rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kom lawv dhau los ua liab. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab tso rau hauv cov xuab zeb ntub dej rau 8-10 hnub kom txog thaum lawv pib yaug. Lawv tom qab ntawd sown hauv xoob thiab av noo hauv qhov muaj ntau tab sis tsis ncaj qha. Sab saum toj nrog 0.5 cm ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo. Germinate 50 - 70% ntawm tag nrho cov noob. Kev ceev cov noob yog khaws cia ntev txog 10 xyoo.

Sau thiab cia ntawm spruce

Cones siav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm thawj xyoo. Lawv sau qoob loo thaum kawg ntawm lub Yim Hli - thaum lub tis ntawm cov noob pib pom tom qab ntawm cov khob uas muaj nplai. Lub khob hliav qab ntawm hom spruce tau sau nyob rau lub Ib Hlis, Serbian spruce thaum Lub Ib Hlis thiab Lub Ob Hlis, thiab cov nyiaj spruce thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj. Yog tias koj sau cov koob thaum lub caij ntuj no, xaiv qhov qis tshaj plaws. Nkawv yog niam yau thiab tshaj lij. Cov koob txhaj tshuaj tau raug muab ntxuav zoo thiab zuaj ntawm tus tuav nrog rab riam ntse. Tom qab ntawd txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces. Qee zaus Spruce cov hauv paus hniav tau sau rau kev siv tshuaj ntsuab.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm spruce

Pej xeem cov tshuaj siv cov twigs ntawm spruce, uas tau sib sau ua ke nrog cov buds, txiav thaum tseem tshiab tshiab thiab hau nrog qab zib. Cov kua txiv uas ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj zoo rau kev hnoos thiab lwm yam mob ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev, kuj tawm tsam rickets, scurvy thiab lwm tus.

Kev rho tawm ntawm spruce koob nyob hauv tus mob tshiab yog ntxiv rau hauv dej rau da dej menyuam, kom ua kom tshiab thiab rau ntau yam mob eczema. Cov roj tseem ceeb, uas tau txais los ntawm ntau yam plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm tshuaj ntsuab, yog siv dav hauv tshuaj, tshuaj tsw qab thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Kev ziab ziab kom qhuav ua rau ntau cov khoom tseem ceeb rau tshuaj thiab kev lag luam, xws li cob, turpentine, rosin thiab lwm yam. Cov rog rog tau los ntawm spruce noob tau dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov tsis saib xyuas thiab lacquer ntau lawm, thiab kuj tsim nyog rau hlawv.

Tus ntoo yog siv tsis yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ntoo ntoo, thiab lwm yam, tab sis kuj siv rau kev tsim cov hmoov tshuaj kho mob / Carbo activatus /, uas yog siv ua tshuaj nqus dej thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev lom nrog alkaloids thiab phosphorus tebchaw. Cov ntaub ntawv tanning yog tau los ntawm cov tawv ntoo, uas yog siv rau tawv nqaij tawv thiab kom tau txais kev kho mob tar rosin, ntoo vinegar.

Lub aroma ntawm hlawv ziab coniferous twigs yog suav hais tias yog ib txoj kev zoo ntawm kev tu lub tsev los ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Tsawg tsawg tus neeg paub txog dab tsi ib qho kev kho kom zoo uas zoo tib yam spruce cones muaj. Qhov ntau dua lawv nyob hauv tsev, kev noj qab haus huv thiab huv dua cov pa peb ua pa yuav yog. Nws yog qhov zoo kom tau txais cones rau lub caij ntuj no, tab sis tsis yog rhuav lawv los ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke poob puag ncig nws.

Nws ntseeg tau tias yog tias peb tuav lub pob zeb spruce nruab nrab ntawm peb lub xib teg, peb yuav ceev nrooj ntawm lub zog ntau zuj zus hauv peb lub cev. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tom qab da dej yog kov qhov raug mob los yog mob lub cev nrog lub khob hliav qab, vim lawv daws qhov mob thiab qhov nqaij to kho sai dua. Yog tias peb cog spruce nyob rau hauv lub vaj, lawv yuav tsim kom muaj qhov chaw tiv thaiv uas yuav tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov muag phem thiab lub zog tsis zoo.

Pej xeem cov tshuaj nrog spruce

Raws li peb cov pej xeem tshuaj, ib tug decoction ntawm koob, twigs thiab cones ntawm spruce nthuav kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Spruce chav da dej yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ntxhov siab thiab lub cev nkees. Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm cones yog siv rau mob angina, mob ntsws, mob hawb pob thiab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov mob hnyav ntawm txoj hnyuv qaum.

Peb cov tshuaj noj pej xeem muaj cov ntawv qhia hauv qab no rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov lus qhia spruce: Ntxuav thiab muab cov lus qhia (3 diav) ua tej daim me. Boil 3 liv dej thiab rhaub rau 10-15 feeb, tom qab ntawd lim los ntawm sieve thiab gauze. Yog tias xav tau, ua qab zib nrog zib ntab.

Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm spruce

Spruce decoction tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.