Cov Nqaij Ua Haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Jasmine Walkman | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 08:31

Cov nqaij ua haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cov ciaj sia nyob nrog rau cov kab mob khaub thuas. Lawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv ua ke, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov kev ua haujlwm lom neeg - los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, tiv thaiv, thauj mus rau catalytic thiab kev cai. Protein tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lwm cov khoom noj ntawm cov zaub mov.

Lawv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev koom tes hauv kev tsim ntawm txhua daim ntaub thiab hauv txhua tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lub cev: kev loj hlob, kev txhim kho, metabolism, cov leeg nqaij thiab lub hlwb kev ua si, kev rov tsim tawm.

Cov roj ntsha ntawm cov khoom noj muaj protein yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lawv cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg. Proteins uas muaj tag nrho cov amino acids nyob rau hauv ntau txaus rau lawv tus kheej synthesis cov nqaijrog, yog hu ua tiav. Xws li yog cov protein ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm.

Cov protein ntau ntawm tsob ntoo keeb kwm tsis muaj txaus txhua yam tseem ceeb amino acids. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev noj zaub mov zoo, lawv yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntawv qhia zaub mov cov nqaijrog ntawm ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm. Ua li no, lawv thiaj ua tiav.

Cov haujlwm ntawm cov protein

- kev teeb tsa - lawv yog cov khoom tsim lub tsev ntxiv rau txhua lub hlwb, ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob;

- biocatalyst - cov enzymes uas muaj protein ntau koom ua ke;

- kev tswj hwm - cov tshuaj hormones kuj yog protein;

- kev tiv thaiv - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv immunoglobulin yog cov protein;

- thauj muaj nuj nqi - hemoglobin, myoglobin, ceruloplasmin, thiab lwm yam. yog biopolymers ua.

Lub zog muaj nqis ntawm 1 gram ntawm cov protein yog sib npaug rau 4 kcal ntawm lub zog.

Kev noj haus amino acids cov nqaijrog tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: tsis hloov thiab hloov chaw. Qhov tseem ceeb amino acids yog hu ua vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab ib tus neeg yog vam khom rau lawv kev nkag nrog cov khoom noj.

Thaum cov protein nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov tsis muaj txaus txawm tias ib qho tseem ceeb amino acids, cov synthesis ntawm cov nqaij mos poob qis thiab ua rau lub cev tsis zoo ntawm ib qho cov protein tshwm sim. Qhov tsis zoo nitrogen tshuav yog tsim, uas ua rau stunted kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob thiab poob phaus.

Cov Proteins yog cov nyhav biopolymer cov nyhav uas muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov protein ntau tsim los ntawm cov amino acids thiab muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, thiab lwm yam. Amino acids yog cov qauv ntawm cov protein. Ntawm cov paub txog 80 cov amino acids, txog 22 yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tib neeg, uas yog cov zaub mov muaj ntau tshaj plaws.

Cov amino acids uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov zaub mov yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov no yog: valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine. Keeb kwm tau ntxiv rau lawv hauv thaum yau. Hloov cov amino acids tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm metabolic intermediates. Tsuas yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb amino acids muab cov protein ua ke zoo hauv lub cev.

Protein tsis txaus

Feem ntau cov khoom cog hauv cov tsis zoo hauv ib, ob lossis ntau qhov tseem ceeb amino acids, piv txwv li. hauv cov nplej - lysine tsis muaj txaus, hauv pob kws - tryptophan, hauv legumes - methionine thiab cystine. Kev noj zaub mov zoo, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum noj ob qho tib si cov nqaijrog ntawm ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj muaj protein yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws nyob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm usability ntawm cov protein uas noj nrog zaub mov ntawm lub cev rau nws cov kev xav tau cov yas.

Protein deficiency tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau tib neeg lub cev. Ntev tsis muaj protein ntau hauv cov zaub mov ua rau muaj protein ntau zuj zus (catabolism), txo kev tiv thaiv, kev puas hlwb thiab lub cev. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob qeeb qeeb. Protein deficiency feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus ua lub zog hauv cov zaub mov (cov zaub mov tsis muaj calorie) thiab qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov protein-lub zog tsis zoo.

Noj protein ntau dhau

Ntau siv ntawm cov nqaijrog los yog ntau dua cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau ua rau nws zom nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, putrefactive cov txheej txheem sib zog ua kom muaj zog thiab muaj tshuaj lom ntxiv ntxiv. Protein overdose ua rau ntau dhau ntawm lub siab ua kom cov khoom lag luam tawg. Ntev dhau ntawm cov protein ntau hauv cov zaub mov noj ua rau cov metabolic acidosis, ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb, cov zaub mov tsis txaus siab xws li gout thiab lwm tus.

Qhov uas muaj protein

Lub hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, lub cev nyhav, lub cev kev mob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm txiav txim siab ib tus neeg lub cev kev xav tau rau ntau cov nqaijrogCov. Kev siv lub zog ntawm kev noj zaub mov muaj protein ntau yuav tsum nce txog 10-15% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj muaj zog rau hnub ntawd. Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov protein yog ntawm tsiaj thiab cog ntoo hauv paus chiv keeb. Nrog rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog cov khoom noj ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm - qe, mis, ntses, nqaij. Lawv muaj cov nqaijrog nrog kev sib npaug ntawm cov amino acids tseem ceeb.